Un grupo de expertos que visitó el país durante 10 días implicó en esta "práctica generalizada" a las Fuerzas Armadas, la Guardia Nacional y agencias estatales y municipales.

 Las detenciones arbitrarias y la tortura persisten en México como "una práctica generalizada", aunque existen avances significativos en esta lucha en los últimos años, afirmó el Comité de Detenciones Arbitrarias de la ONU, que el viernes (29.09.2023) presentó un informe preliminar sobre el país.


Esto a pesar de que el presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador ha asegurado que estás prácticas han sido erradicadas durante su gobierno, que inició en diciembre de 2018.


"La detención arbitraria sigue siendo una práctica generalizada en México y con demasiada frecuencia es el catalizador de malos tratos, torturas, desapariciones forzadas y ejecuciones arbitrarias”, señaló en conferencia el grupo de expertos integrado por Matthew Gillett, Miriam Estrada-Castillo y Ganna Yudkivska.


Los expertos, que cumplieron una visita oficial a México del 18 al 29 de septiembre, señalaron que las Fuerzas Armadas mexicanas, la Guardia Nacional y agencias estatales y municipales "están frecuentemente implicadas" en detenciones arbitrarias. 


Y estos cuerpos de seguridad "carecen de los controles civiles e independientes necesarios para garantizar la prevención y la rendición de cuentas", añadieron.


La detención de migrantes fue una preocupación del grupo, que dijo haber descubierto "que un número significativo" de ellos "son retenidos más allá del límite de 36 horas establecido por la Constitución (mexicana), lo que aumenta el riesgo de incurrir en una detención arbitraria".


Agregáron que más de 240.000 migrantes, incluidos niños, fueron detenidos en México durante el primer semestre de 2023, en muchos casos más allá del plazo legal. Fueron llevado a estaciones migratorias por carecer de documentos para permanecer en el país.


"México debe garantizar que la detención de migrantes sea el último recurso, por el menor tiempo posible, luego de una evaluación individualizada, en condiciones dignas y con acceso a asistencia legal", advirtieron.


Uso excesivo de la fuerza


En el problema generalizado de la detención arbitraria en México, la prisión preventiva obligatoria es frecuente en el país y se ha ampliado constitucionalmente para incluir en ella otros delitos, lo cual ha sido identificado como una violación a los derechos humanos", expuso Estrada-Castillo.


Además, aseveraron que "es frecuente" el uso excesivo de la fuerza, desde el momento de la aprehensión hasta que los detenidos quedan a disposición ante una autoridad judicial.


"En muchos casos, se infligen tortura y otras formas de malos tratos, incluida la tortura, para obtener confesiones y declaraciones incriminatorias", apuntaron los expertos. 

Y señalaron que los retrasos entre el momento de la detención de una persona, su puesta a disposición ante el Ministerio Público y su posterior traslado a la autoridad judicial, "aumentan el riesgo de graves violaciones de derechos humanos durante este período crítico".




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