Every year May 22 is celebrated as 'World Biodiversity Conservation Day' across the world. Which has great importance in human life.
International Day for Biodiversity (IDB): History
In 1992, at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the "Earth Summit" in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, state and government leaders agreed on a strategy for sustainable development. It is said that sustainable development is a way to meet the needs of the people around the world and it will keep the earth healthy for the future generation. At the Earth Summit, one of the most talked about agreements was the Convention on Biological Diversity.
This convention came into force on 29 December 1993 and was designated International Biodiversity Day. Since 2001, it is being celebrated on 22 May. In 1992, the text of the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted at the United Nations at a conference in Nairobi, Kenya. Every year, International Biodiversity Day focuses on a particular theme and is celebrated accordingly.
What is biodiversity and why is it important?
Biodiversity is the variety of species present in a given area and the diversity of ecosystems containing these species. Conservation of natural biodiversity is one of the most important concepts of sustainability and sustainable agriculture. Every ecosystem is more stable and healthy when it contains the maximum gene pool of species that are naturally present in an area, i.e. maximum biodiversity. This genetic diversification gives ecosystems security and the ability to recover from difficulties and threats. If more and more species within an ecosystem begin to become extinct, the entire ecosystem enters a threatened zone. In this case, the population of some species is reduced to zero, while the population of other species skyrockets. This results in food shortages, hunger and the extinction of a great number of species that, at the beginning of the crisis, no one expected to be so vulnerable.
Biodiversity Countries
India is also included in the 17 countries with the world's richest biodiversity, in which about 70 percent of the world's biodiversity is present. The other 16 countries are Australia, Congo, Madagascar, South Africa, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, USA and Venezuela. Only 2.4 percent of the entire world is in India, but about 5 percent of the known fauna of the world resides here.
According to the surveys conducted by "Botanical Survey of India" and "Zoological Survey of India", about 49,000 plant species and 89,000 animal species are found in India. India ranks tenth in the world on the basis of plant-diversity, eleventh on the basis of area limited species and sixth on the basis of origin and diversity of crops.
types of biodiversity
Biodiversity is further classified into three major types. they are:
genetic diversity
species diversity
ecological diversity
1 genetic diversity
It is basically the diversity of the species expressed at the genetic level by each individual in the species. No two individuals belonging to the same species are exactly alike. For example, in the human species, each individual exhibits much greater diversity than the other. There is a lot of variation in people living in different regions.
2 Racial Diversity
It is the biodiversity observed within a community. It stands for number and distribution of species. The number of species in an area varies widely depending on diverse environmental conditions. For example, it is generally observed that civilizations living near water bodies see more species than the areas away from water bodies.
3 Ecological diversity
It defines the diversity observed among ecosystems in a particular region. Different ecosystems, such as mangroves, rainforests, deserts, etc., display a variety of life forms living in them.
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